esseff44 wrote:
...I didn't realize until recently that the real reason the population of the world exploded the way it did was largely a result of the work German chemist Fritz Haber in the early 20th Century. Haber came up with a way to convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia compounds which could be used for fertilizers.
That is not quite the full story. The population had started its rapid expansion before Haber's discovery.

That expansion followed a previous but much smaller expansion that is generally attributed to metallurgy and the invention of the iron plow. It was not the result of improved medicine; the 18th century and the early 19th century was an age when the best physicians still believed in vapors as the cause of disease and discounted the newfangled theories about germs. (More than half of our Civil War fatalities were directly due to disease, not wounds.) The cause of population increase was a decrease in mortality, principally due to improvements in public health, in which better methods of controlling sewage were most important, closely followed by better methods for supplying clean water. But even those measures were not fully effective; check out
The Ghost Map about Dr. John Snow and the London cholera epidemic of 1854.
Most scientists and social scientists put more emphasis on the work of Norman Borlaug than on that of Prof. Haber. Gates Foundation Jan. 24, 2012
The Man Who Fed the World: Nobel Peace Prize Laureate Norman Borlaug and His Battle to End World Hunger.
Also. The Green Revolution crops depended upon Haber's artificial fertilizer -- but also upon pesticides, herbicides, and irrigation. Without the Green Revolution crops, humanity would have entered Malthus' Gate decades ago.
The reason that some one billion go to bed hungry each night is not that enough food is not being produced. It is being produced in abundance, some of it left to rot in the fields or around grain silos. The problem is poverty at both the level of the individual family and the nation-state (some of which have enough money to solve the problem if they did not choose to purchase weapons first). Poverty of the nation-state leads to inadequate storage facilities. Rats may consume 20% of the world's food supply, starting in the fields and continuing into storage facilities. Insects take their toll throughout the chain. Then poor nation-states have inadequate or non-existent means for transportation of food to needy areas. They cannot invest in irrigation and reservoir systems.
Unless the food is free, poor families are unlikely to be able to purchase adequate nutrition. If the food is free, that factor is likely to drive local producers out of business, further aggravating the situation. Traditional crops such as millet may not be grown, even though it is better adapted to the ecosystem and preferred by the people; imported wheat and corn displace it. Food aid is a precursor of starvation.
The poverty of individual families is strongly connected to family size. When parents cannot count on their children surviving to be helpmates on the farm and in their "old" age (their 50's), they have to have many children. Six to seven is still the norm in the highest-fertility countries.
The best way to reduce world poverty is to decrease infant and child mortality. That eventually will lead to the option to have smaller families, which will require that effective contraception be available and cheap. Having control of their fertility will empower women, and the world's poorest countries will lower their high rates of natural increase, making it possible for other anti-poverty measures to have an effect. Without those changes, some countries will continue to have declining economies. The goal of reducing infant and child mortality is attainable.
Unless, of course, one is Félix Houphouët-Boigny and chooses to incur great debt and use foreign aid to build a memorial to oneself in the bush of the Ivory Coast in the form of the world's largest Christian church:
