FWIW...
http://www.archivesofpathology.org/doi/ ... 2.0.CO%3B2Quote:
The principle indicator of close range fire is stippling,
that is, a pattern of tiny, punctuate abrasions in the skin
surrounding the entrance wound (Figure 8). Stippling is
caused by unburned particles of gunpowder striking the
skin. In contrast to other substances that may be deposited
on the skin, such as soot, stippling cannot be washed
away. The presence of stippling indicates that the muzzle
of the gun was within 2 feet of the victim’s body when it
was discharged. Contact range firing occurs when the
muzzle of the gun is in contact with the skin at the time
of discharge (Figure 2). Contact range wounds are commonly
seen in suicidal firearm injuries. These wounds are
often characterized by a dense pattern of combusted gunpowder
residue or soot within and around the wound
margin. Soot is lighter in weight than unburned particles
of gunpowder. Most of the soot will, therefore, only carry
a few inches from the muzzle of the gun before falling
away. Unlike stippling, soot may be washed away. If a
forensic pathologist sees soot, he or she should photograph
it before cleaning the body in preparation for the
autopsy
Quote:
Figure 8. Close-range gunshot wound showing dark circular soot deposition
with surrounding punctuate stippling.
Distant range gunshot wounds, that is, wounds inflicted
when the muzzle of the gun is more that 2 feet away, will
show no evidence of soot or stippling. It is absolutely critical
that the forensic pathologist recognizes that the absence
of soot or stippling does not absolutely mean that
the wound was not fired from close range. Intermediate
targets and clothing can screen out stippling and soot
even when the muzzle of the gun is pressed up against
the clothing.10 The most accurate way to determine range
of fire is to test fire the weapon at various distances with
the same type of ammunition to create a pattern of soot
or stippling matching that found at the time of autopsy.
Muzzle to garment testing, as this technique is sometimes
called, is ordinarily done by a ballistics expert in a crime
laboratory. Clothing can also be tested for the presence of
gunpowder residue to determine whether, for example, a
bullet caused a particular defect in the clothing. This type
of testing cannot establish range of fire, but it can give the
maximum distance from which the gun was fired based
on the distance the gunpowder residue may travel.
I didn't copy the pics over, just in case some are squeamish.
