Sterngard Friegen wrote:
kimba wrote:
Quote:
bills denying Oklahoma citizenship
I think this is "Citizenship Theater". States don't grant citizenship.
Are we citizens of the states in which we live, or are we citizens of the United States? I don't think I've ever considered myself a citizen of a state in which I lived, but a resident nor do I ever remember having any piece of paper that called me a citizen of a state.
According to the 14th amendment, both.
Sterngard is right, the 14th Amendment changed and settled the law in this respect. It says if you are a US citizen, your are a citizen of the state in which you reside. However, it is actually an interesting historical topic. Prior to the Amendment, states did grant state citizenship. Most states adopted the common law and defined state citizenship accordingly. Some states had statutes defining state citizenship. Virginia said that all persons born within the territory of Virginia was citizens of Virginia. Apuzzo, of course, refuses to acknowledge that this means all people born in Virginia are citizens as he feels free to change the tense, add a few words and punctuate at his pleasure until it somehow endorses his Vattel's defintition. Seriously, an actual point of real dispute prior to the 14th Amendment was whether American citizens were simply the citizens of the states or if American citizenship was something separate as set forth in the Constitution. For example, compate the majority and dissent in Dred Scott:
" It does not by any means follow, because he has all the rights and privileges of a citizen of a State, that he must be a citizen of the United States ." Chief Justice Taney, Dred Scott v. Sanford, 60 U.S. 393, 405 (1857)
"Among the powers unquestionably possessed by the several States was that of determining what persons should and what persons should not be citizens….It embraced…what native-born persons should be citizens of the United States. Dred Scott v. Sanford, 60 U.S. 393, __ (1857)(Curtis, J., dissenting)
Several members of the 14th Amendment Congress oppossed the Civil Rights Act solely because they thought it was inconsistant with the notion that it was the states who had the ability to define native citizenship. This included Senator Reverdy Johnson, the winning lawyer in Dred Scott, who curiously argued the position of the dissent on this point in the debates on the Amendment. Hard to make this stuff up. Here is Johnson, who not only won the case, but is credited with convincing the court and providing Taney with his argument. He goes on to be a leading figure in preventing Maryland from seceding and is one of the most prominent senators in enacting the 14th Amendment and does so by endorsing the position of the dissent that disagreed with him in Dred Scott. It was Johnson who was the most prominent voice in asserting that Congress could not over-rule Dred Scott by statute, but needed to amend the Constitution and he had no issue with adopting such an Amendment. In his words:
"I know of no better way to give rise to citizenship than the fact of birth within the territory of the United States, born of parents who at the time were subject to the authority of the United States." Sen. Johnson, Cong. Globe, 39th Cong. 1st Sess. 2893 (1866)